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VOLCANISM

VOLCANISM

The Greeks called the fire god Vulcan, hence the name came from volcanism (volcanic activity) and is a phenomenon that involves the passage of molten rock or magma with gas emissions.

volcanism occurs when the molten material inside the Earth comes to the surface through cracks, crevices and holes. In this material coming out is called lava, is characterized by rapidly cools and releases its dissolved gases. Moreover, some of the high-temperature minerals formed building and separated from the magma. According to the viscosity of the material, vary the characteristics of the volcanic eruption. The basic material, characterized by high temperature, approximately 1000/1200 ° C, its low content of silica, its high fluidity and rapid release of gases causes non-explosive eruptions. On the contrary, give rise to eruptions dominated the liquid fraction or lava.

The Volcanology is the science of volcanic phenomena, structures and formasoriginan these phenomena.
Volcano: An opening in the earth's crust where they exit from the magma igneous material.

Types or stages of eruption:

-Hawaiian: slow eruption, no explosion or earthquake occurs, fluid magma ejected.

-Strombolian: Explosions not very violent, less fluid magma is expelled with difficulty.

-Vulcan: Causes for the big loud explosions pressure exerted by gases, thick, viscous lava, lava pulverized volcanic ash and gas clouds dark.

-shovel: Eruptions with strong earthquakes, lots of hot gases and highly viscous lava.
-Irish: It's where several volcano is on a crack.

volcanic eruptions:
-Magma: incandescent material inside the Earth that is surfacing becomes lava.

-Gases: Water vapor, nitrogen, sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide and hydrogen. Proclástico
-Material: pieces of rocks at high temperature-, oval-volcanic bombs, smaller-slag.

-ash and volcanic dust: When are compacted tuffs.

= secondary volcanic manifestations, are given in the terminal phase.

-Vents: constant discharge of water vapor and other gases.

-Solfatara: Greenhouse gas high in hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide. -Skunks: Emissions of gases containing a large amount of carbon dioxide.

-Geysers: Jets of steam and hot Agau resulting in a volcano.

-Hot Springs: Hot springs containing various mineral salts.

Types of volcanoes:
-Inactive: Extinct volcanoes that pose no volcanic manifestaacion for thousands of years.-Active: Volcanoes with constant volcanic manifestation.

Reliefs of volcanic origin and volcanic areas:
volcanic regions are related to the oceanic ridges and subduction zones formed by plate tectonics. In these areas there is a greater number of volcanic manifesstciones and these are given the name of fire belts.
* Belts "Pacific Ring of Fire.
* Ring of Fire in the Mediterranean.
* Ring of Fire Atlantic Ridge. * Harnessing
volcanic activity:
* Agriculture: The volcanic ash fertilized the land.
* Geothermal Energy: Geothermal harness the Earth's internal heat.
* Resorts: springs are formed that contain minerals that are used for medicinal purposes.

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Earth's internal structure.

INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF EARTH

From eighteenth century, geology became a central issue for scientists, who, with the development of new and increasingly sophisticated instruments, able to provide increasingly accurate data. Until the late twentieth century with the arrival of new and more accurate theories, such as "plate tectonics", geology underwent a major boost.

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"Geodynamics: studies the changes and movements of the crust.

" Historical Geology: Study succession of geological time.

"Geology applied: Studies and analyzes surface and subsurface resources.

"Geophysics: studied physical phenomena occurring in the atmosphere.

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To study the structure of the earth, scientists have developed new direct and indirect methods.

Direct methods are generally used in the search for minerals in soil and subsoil, and indirect costs are those that use seismic waves to create reliefs model for the study of formaaciones and structures.

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With this type studies, has succeeded in concluding with the theory that suggests that Earth is comprised of internal layers and layers externas.Las inner layers are composed of very hot and heavy materials such as iron and nickel. These are divided into core, mantle and discontinuities.

The nucleus: With a temperature between 3000 and 5500 º C, which in turn can be divided into two parts, outer and inner core. The inner core, which scientists believe is strong and is comprised almost entirely of iron. And the outer core, which by contrast is believed to be liquid and is composed of iron and nickel. The transition zone between both, could be what makes up the planet's magnetic field.

Mantle: is very large and is just below the crust, covering discontinuities Mohorovicic Gutenberg and is divided in two. The outer mantle contains lava pits (which emerges from the volcano), have different temperatures and densities, in addition to performing constant movements that lead to fracture or failure of the plates in the earth's crust. And the inner mantle, consists of small stones formed by iron and magnesium, so it is a solid body, and the deeper, more iron it contains.

The crust: is the uppermost layer of the planet, she finds the ocean floor and plate tectonics; understood from the discontinuity of Mohorovicic and even the atmosphere. Its structure is very complex. And it will make two layers: the hydrosphere and atmosphere.

The hydrosphere: is that which contains all the planet's water in oceans, rivers, lakes and aquifers.

The atmosphere: contains all those gases that allow us to breathe and move on with life.